Portwine stain - Portwine Vlek https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Port-wine_stain
Portwine Vlek (Portwine stain) is 'n verkleuring van die menslike vel wat veroorsaak word deur 'n kapillêre misvorming. Dit is so genoem weens die kleur, wat soortgelyk is aan portwyn, 'n rooiwyn uit Portugal. Portwine vlek (Portwine stain) is 'n kapillêre misvorming wat vanaf geboorte bestaan. Portwine vlek (Portwine stain) bly dwarsdeur die lewe. Die betrokke velarea groei in verhouding tot algemene groei.

Portwine vlek (Portwine stain) kom die meeste voor op die gesig, maar kan oral op die liggaam voorkom, veral op die nek, boonste romp, arms en bene. Vroeë vlekke is gewoonlik plat en pienk van voorkoms. Soos die kind volwasse word, kan die kleur verdiep tot 'n donkerrooi of pers kleur. In volwassenheid kan verdikking van die letsel of die ontwikkeling van klein knoppe voorkom.

○ Behandeling
Vaskulêre lasers is ietwat doeltreffend, maar vereis duur lasertoerusting en langtermynbehandeling oor etlike jare. Soos letsels met ouderdom verdik, kan laserbehandeling minder effektief word, wat 'n probleem kan wees. Pienk letsels is oor die algemeen moeiliker om te behandel as rooi letsels, omdat hulle dieper vaskulariseer is.
#Dye laser (e.g. V-beam)
Meer inligting ― Afrikaans
References A retrospective 10 years‐ experience overview of dye laser treatments for vascular pathologies 37632184 
NIH
Flash-lamp pulsed dye laser (FPDL) word nou algemeen erken as die mees akkurate laser wat beskikbaar is vir die behandeling van vaskulêre probleme op die oppervlak. In hierdie studie het ons data ingesamel wat strek oor 'n dekade se ondervinding met behulp van kleurstoflaserbehandeling vir pasiënte met verskeie vaskulêre toestande (telangiectasia, rhinophyma, port‑wine stains, cherry and spider angiomas, and vascular tumors such as cherry angiomas, infantile hemangiomas, port‑wine stains, rhinophyma, spider angiomas, and telangiectasia).
The Flash‐lamp pulsed dye laser (FPDL) is nowadays considered the most precise laser currently on the market for treating superficial vascular lesions. In this study, we gathered data from 10 years of experience regarding dye laser treatment of patients presenting vascular malformations such as telangiectasia, rhinophyma, port‐wine stain, cherry and spider angioma and vascular tumours: cherry angioma, infantile haemangioma, port wine stain, rhinophyma, spider angioma, telangiectasia
 Nevus Flammeus 33085401 
NIH
Port-wine stain (PWS) is ook bekend as nevus flammeus. Dit is 'n pienk of rooi kol op 'n baba se vel wat deur abnormale bloedvate veroorsaak word. Dit is teenwoordig vanaf geboorte en bly lewenslank, en verskyn gewoonlik op die gesig. Dit is belangrik om dit te onderskei van 'n nevus simplex of salmvlek, wat mettertyd vervaag.
Nevus flammeus or port-wine stain (PWS) is a non-neoplastic congenital dermal capillary hamartomatous malformation presenting as a pink or red patch on a newborn's skin. It is a congenital skin condition that can affect any part of the body and persists throughout life. The nevus flammeus is a well-defined, often unilateral, bilateral, or centrally positioned pink to red patch that appears on the face at birth and is made up of distorted capillary-like vessels. It needs to be differentiated from a nevus simplex/salmon patch, which is usually seen along the midline and disappears over time. An acquired port-wine stain, clinically and histopathologically indistinguishable from congenital capillary malformation, has been reported to develop in adolescents or adults, usually following trauma.
 Consensus Statement for the Management and Treatment of Port-Wine Birthmarks in Sturge-Weber syndrome 33175124 
NIH
Die behandeling van PWS is belangrik om die impak daarvan op geestesgesondheid sowel as nodulariteit en weefselvergroting te verminder. Om vroeg te begin met behandeling, kan tot beter resultate lei. Pulsed dye laser (PDL) word algemeen beskou as die beste opsie vir alle soorte PWS, ongeag hul grootte, ligging of kleur.
Treatment of PWB is indicated to minimize psychosocial impact and diminish nodularity, and potentially tissue hypertrophy. Better outcomes may be attained if treatments are started at an earlier age. In the United States, pulsed dye laser (PDL) is the gold standard for all PWB regardless of the lesion size, location, or color. When performed by experienced physicians, laser treatment can be performed safely on patients of all ages. The choice of using general anesthesia in young patients is a complex decision which must be considered on a case by case basis.